Self-Directed Learning with Online Resources¶
Report¶
Presentation¶
Self-Directed Learning with Online Resources¶
An independent study of challenges, opportunities and strategies for encouraging feedback between tools and resources in online learning systems
aquariums and cave diving
Note
might as well be a request for proposal
Objectives¶
Self Directed Learning¶
Autodidactism: Self-Directed Learning
- Time
- Skills
- Discipline
- Rhetoric
- Resources
And tools that augment learning in application to:
- Theory
- Knowledge
- Wisdom
Aquariums and Cave Diving¶
Aquariums and Cave Diving
- Jacques Cousteau
- Edutainment/Infotainment
- Documentary :: Reality
- Information Chunking
- Market Study Confidence
- Attention Retention
Background¶
Learning Resource Timeline¶
Printing Newspaper
Press Telegraph
Magazines
Radio
Television
Internet: URLs
Wireless Internet
Mobile Internet
Tablets
Wireless
Stone Papyrus Copper Fiber
BC CE 1800 1900 2000 2100
[TODO:cite][TODO:correct]
Knowledge Economy Roles¶
Producer
- Creating
- Synthesizing
- Distilling
- Adding Value
Consumer
- “Smart Consumer”
- Searching for Value
Influencer
- Continually learning the market
When are the dances?
Yearly Knowledge/Data Graph¶
Stream/stacked graph by source with rough yearly data transfer
[TODO:cite]
Challenges¶
- Room to Grow
- Resource Efficacy
- Cost/Return Curve
- Creativity & Process Control
- Tool Frustration -> Resistance to Change
- Taking a step back
Reaching People with Busy Schedules
- Data
- Charts
- Analyses
- Opportunities
- URLS
- Bookmarkable
- Shareable
- Referenceable
- Archivable
Resource Constraints¶
Learning Materials¶
Learning Resources
Course Artifacts and Components¶
“I want to download all of this as a zip file”
- Syllabus
- Lectures
- Slides
- Quizzes
- Assignments / Activities
- Expected Assignment Durations
- Documents: PDF, HTML
- Audio
- Photo
- Video
- Books
- Web Pages
- Datasets
- Linked Data
- Knowledge Triple Repositories
- URLs
- Notes
- Questions
- Answers
Resources: Course Lifecycle¶
“Why do we do it this way?”
Answer
Topics -> Requirements -> Research -> Expertise (Reivew) ->
Chunking Wisdom -> Formatting -> Publishing
Publishing:
PDF
Books
Slides
Tapes
CDs
WebPages
Knowledge Repositories
Databases
Learning Assessments¶
Self Evaluation¶
Standard-Normal Testing¶
Voting Choice Theory¶
Essay Qualification & Quantification¶
Sharing Resources¶
Creating and Updating Resources¶
What does it mean to produce a hyperlinked document?
- Why HTTP?
- Why HTML?
- Why Javascript?
Information Access Optimizations¶
- Table of Contents
- Index: Terminological Lexicon
- Glossary: Compendium of Definitions
- Search
Bibliographic Citations¶
Maintaining structured links to reference and documentation sources
- Document title
- Page Number
- #URL Fragment
- Attachment Revisions
Sharing Data Resources¶
Neat, Awesome Study, but
- What is this named
- How easily can our tools share data?
- Where can I download the checksums?
- How do I download it?
- What do you want to do with it?
- What concepts and keywords does it reference?
- Which part of this should I translate?
“One of them is ‘Naming Things’” – TODO
Resources: Bookmarks¶
- Bookmarks are great
- Bookmarks are resources
- I need to consolidate my bookmarks
- I need to manage my bookmarks
- I need a bookmark manager
- I want a bookmark management system
- I want to upload my bookmarks
- And search them
- And paste them to you
- At opportune moments
Check this out.
Document Capturing Process¶
Wait? What? You want to scan this? Awesome.
Artifacts
- Why tag things?
- Why name them?
- Why label them?
Workflow: Sharing Documents as Email Attachments¶
I want to email a document that would be better if we were to revise collaboratively.
Why would it be inefficient to email variously named and occasionally versioned versions of a document resource?
When do we file this?
Designing URIs for Resource Collections¶
What page number was that? If this was a web page, I could just __________?
- Which page is it on?
- What is the URL ?
- Why doesn’t this PDF Bookmark include the document title?
- This page does not include content mentioning these keywords.
- Can I link to a document subsection with a URL Fragment?
- How should I organize course files for a zip archive?
- How should I organize course files for packaging?
- How do I watch/listen to course lectures on a phone, tablet, TV, mac, pc?
- How can I adjust the font?
- Where should the presentation mix with the Content?
- “Data not available”
- How do I search based on metadata?
- Can I facet the search query with certain criteria?
- Can I share this link?
Interface Usability and Accessibility¶
Interfaces for Online Learning¶
“Really what I want is...”
- Focused learning activities
- search
- animated
- four-dimensional
- through my phone/tablet
Managing and encouraging feedback at scale
Designing flexibly linked data models to support cool UIs.
Interface Criteria¶
- Where is the table of contents?
- What do Page Up and Page Down do?
- What about Tab?
- Why do I have to click next and previous?
- Can I Ctrl-F to search within the resource?
- Can I tab through these?
- What can I link to?
- Can I link to a URL fragment in a new tab?
- Can I scroll with the mouse wheel?
Interface Questions¶
- Can I download a list of my assignment due dates?
- To my iCal
- As a list of tasks with duration
- As an RSS feed
- What does it mean that a course is worth N credit hours?
- How many hours a week is that?
Separating Content and Presentation¶
Which page number is it on my device?
________________________
| ________________|
| | _____________|
| | | _________|
| | | | ____|
| | | | | |
|_____|___|___|___|____|
I want to review this course on my
- Laptop
- TV
- Tablet
- Phone
- Screen Size
- Bandwidth
- External Media
- USB Drive
- SD Card
- MicroSD Card
Web Standards
Cascading Style Sheets
- Text Reflow
- Fluid Layouts
Privacy and Security¶
Privacy¶
“How do we verify this curriculum vitae?”
Status Quo
- Limited Records
- Access Logs
- Retention Policies
Standards
- FOAF (Friend of a Friend)
- OAUTH API Controls
- OpenID
Note
Health Photo Journal Balancing Act
- Personal student health information?
- Privacy Controls for remotely hosted resources
- Difficulties of data scrubbing
Security¶
Which email is this linked to?
Assurances Necessary for Measuring Learning
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
Opportunities¶
Indirect Returns / Externalities¶
Network Effects¶
Goodwill¶
Knowledge Economy¶
STEM Theory, Process, and Knowledge¶
Learning STEM Theory, Process, and Knowledge through applied data science.
- Linking things together
- Feedback and Collaboration
- Communication Channels
- Q&A
Goal: Maximize Collaborative Output¶
Criteria for evaluating collaborative learning products
Network Effects n^2
- Jointly Authored Pages
- Information Access
- Streaming
[TODO:cite]
Generalizing Educational Momentum¶
- Stratified skills objectives
- Measuring for
- Ability
- Aptitude
- Proficiency
- Serial Order Effect
Knowledge Graph¶
Ontologically related fields
Graphs of Knowledge, Skills, Competencies
Overlaid onto a knowledge graph of resources and their artifacts
Subgraphs
- People
- Citations
- Learning Objects
- Curriculum Sequences
- Degree Requirements
- Progress Flows
Media
Linking Between Things with URLs and Metadata¶
- Bibliography Lists: BibTeX, APIs
- Document Repositories: Document Identifiers
- Document Authoring: naming URLs
- Bookmarks: Adding tags and attributes
- Learning Objects
- Utilizing Web Standards
Tools: Pushing for Better Calculators¶
“Where do I set the calculator?”
Why is it that we would be interested in pushing for:
- Better Personal Calculators
- Computers, Notebooks, and Tablets
Publishing, Storage, and Presentation¶
Where should I put my slides?
Answer
- The Shared Drive
- Your USB drive
- Your Cloud Drive
- Cloud Presentation Services
- Commenting
Strategies¶
“How do we make this better?”
“There has to be a better way of doing this”
- I need to write this down
- Can I just lay it all out?
- Can we list it in a table?
- Can I add columns?
- Which columns can I add?
- Which columns are already there?
- Which columns should I add?
- What did they call a Widget?
Channels¶
Publishing Static Documents¶
Video¶
- Growth Metrics
- Bandwidth minimzation
- Broadband availability
- Replicated hosting
- Metadata API
- Subtitles API
- Referencability
[TODO:cite]
Implementations¶
OpenCourseWare¶
MOOC: OpenCourseware, Coursera, EdX¶
MOOCs: Massive Open Online Course
Foregoing the unused 80% of LMS and LCMS features for scalability
MOOC Online Course Features¶
- Web Hosting
- Video Hosting
- Linking with readings
- Optional Books
- Relevant papers
- Device/Browser Support: Mac, PC, Android, iOS
Online Course Experience¶
I was listening to Andrew Ng’s 2012 Machine Learning course and glancing at the subtitles streaming over a wireless laptop, and thoroughly appreciated the ability to rewind.
[TODO:cite]
Software Programming: CodeCademy¶
Math-based web game design¶
University Online Offerings¶
# TODO -> LCMS
Authoring Tools¶
TODO
Authoring Tool Features¶
Standard Output Formats
- Mobile Support
- What is the page number on my device?
- How deep are these links?
Format Support¶
- Artifacts
- Document Authoring Tools
- Web Standards
- Browser standards benchmarks
- SCORM Sequences -> TinCan
- TinCan API
- Activity Metrics
Standards: Web¶
What is the link?
Standards: Markup Languages¶
Markup Languages
Standards Graph
SGML -> HTML
SGML -> XML
SGML -> SCORM
XML -> SCORM
HTML -> PDF
RST -> PDF
RST -> Latex
RST -> JSON
TODO: dot rendering
Standards: TinCan API¶
Recording Activity Metrics into a LRS.
Web API
JSON
{
TODO
}
TODO:cite
Signing Authority¶
Note
The subjectivity of activity pings
SCORM in HTML5: TinCan Activities¶
SCORM containers
- Web Hooks
- Activity Metrics
- TinCan API
SUBJECT_X ACTION_VERB RESOURCE SCORE DURATION
Lightweight Markup Languages¶
Simple Plaintext Markup Language for generating Multiple Output Formats:
- Books
- Web Sites
- Documentation Sets
Features
- Bold, Italic
- Inter/Intra- document linking
- Footnotes
- Citations
- Figures
- Tool Chain
- Language Portability
- Web Editor Support
- Syntax Feedback Loop
Transformed between various Markup Languages at build/compile time:
- ReStructuredText
- HTML
- EPUB
- TXT
Stored in a changeset of a DVCS repository.
Organizing a Sphinx Documentation Project¶
Folder of files with:
- an index manifest
- intra-document links
- citations
- glossary terms
The root index.html is expected to branch (and link) into the document graph.
To write a paper, which may later be a book:
Examples:
Knowledge Resource Criteria¶
Authoring: Sequencing Learning Objects¶
For & Against Task/Skill Dependency Models
Cost / Complexity / Waste
- Organic Model -> Choose your own adventure
- Cost/Path Routing: Sequence Optimization Wisdom
UI / UX
- Browser
- Game Console
- PC Game
- Virtual Learning Environments
- MOOCs
Learning Sequences and Curricula¶
Sequencing Exercise: Pen and Paper¶
- Generate: Brainstorm 50-100 sheets of paper
- Reduce:
- Clarify:
- Organize:
- Evaluate:
- Build Consensus
TODO:cite: Process: Six Patterns of Collaboration
Curriculum Interfaces¶
would be great if I could schedule sliding windows of content sequences with expected exercise durations.
A Curriculum Sequence¶
Watch A1 Video: Lecture 1 Consume resource
Answer A1 Quiz Questions Check for comprehension.
- Apply A1 Project
Apply and synthesize.
Comprehension testing, Peer-reviewed annotations
Sequencing Tagged Resources¶
“Twist until it feels correct.”
Learning Objects and Learning Resources into sequences.
Paths of Learning Objects
Paths build upon themselves
Encoding domain wisdom into sequences
Authoring: Generating Curricula Activity Graphs¶
As knowledge graph traversals that fit degree and resource constraints.
Sequenced graph traversals with boundary-contextual transitions
Process Component Competency Graph
Curriculum/Degree Sequence Requirements¶
What is the path to the file?
Describing learning areas
- Goals
- Modules
- Assessments
- Prerequisites as implied paths/sequences
Describing Learning Momentum with stratified skills objectives
Measuring for Ability, Proficiency, and Aptitude
URI-linked resources and reasonable concepts in a linked open data cloud.
Modular interface specifications with prerequisite knowledge linked as part of a traversal through a greater knowledge graph.
Graphs and subgraphs of Learning Resources with URIs according to domain-relevant ontologies.
Reviewing Curriculum Sequences¶
Is there a book?
Sharing Revisions and Annotations
- Revisions: Corrections, Extensions
- Notes/Comments
- Feature presence and fitness ratings
- Comparing Citations
Note
ReStructuredText + GIFT + OEMBED
Authoring: Curricula Management¶
So we have standardized curricula which can be delivered through multiple channels.
- How do I add/modify this?
- How do we share challenges & opportunities?
- How can we compare similarities and differences?
Distributed Revision Control
- Peer Revision Control
- Local Forks, Branches
- Pull Requests, Patches
Learning Metrics¶
“Is it the course or the student?”
- Curriculum Goal Sets
- Optmization
- Conceptual Routing Algorithms
Software R&D and Learning¶
Note
clearly, what is being learned is that analysis of structured data interchange in regards to optimizing for outcomes
Learning Comes from a diverse background
Note
it would follow that software development learning best practices are inherent and implicit to best practices for software development process control
Process Wisdom
the software is the person is not the curriculum
Project Based Learning¶
Note
So, okay, well these assignments look great but we’re going to work on developing projects so that we can focus on specialization and synthesis of TODO
- How should we measure success?
- Which feature scores correlate with success?
- Learning Scientific, Creative and Collaborative Processes
Augmenting Learning¶
“Here’s a library, knock yourself out”
Simplest, least complex approach Accelerating and Augmenting Learning
Englebart 1964
Standard Project Documents¶
- README: Project Goals, Objectives, URLs
- TODO: Task Lists
- CHANGELOG: Project Change Log
Revision Control¶
- Commit changes to files
- Commit Log
- Manifest
- Link to TODO/Issue/Ticket item numbers
- working on #123: this, this, and this
- working on #123
- task:course/project/n: this, this, and this`
Open Source Software Development Community¶
Healthy Online Communities
- Documentation: Sphinx/ReStructuredText
- Issue and resolution tracking
- Proposal Review Workflow
- Learning Community
- Wikis, Blogs
- Books: Paper, Digital, Web
- Distributed Version Control
[TODO:cite]
Version Control Workflow Development¶
1. edit, edit, commit
2. edit, commit
3. todo, edit, commit
4. todo, edit, test, commit
5. todo, test, edit, test, commit
6. todo, test, edit, test, commit, tag
7. todo, branch, test, edit, test, commit, tag, push
8. todo, branch, test, edit, test, commit, tag, send patch
Collaborative Review¶
TODO
Reviewboard¶
- Patches & Comments
- Review & Approval Workflows
- Changesets as versioned patch queues
Compile a Course¶
- Choose Sequence Representation Standard
- Check/Verify Content Links
- Flatten Metadata to Bibliography
- Link References, Footnotes, Citations, Glossary Terms
- Generate Sequence Manifest
- Link Activities to a LRS
- Generate Indices
- Template Packaging
- Schedule Course Dates
- Calendaring
Continuous Regression Testing for Learning¶
- Testing Linked, namespaced components
- Test Cases
- Build & Test Metrics
- Test Coverage
Sequences¶
- Linear
- Goal Objective
- Path-Based Routing
- Serious Games
Optimization: Machine Learning for Sequence Optimization¶
Optimizing yields from activity graphs and Activity Metrics
- Variance
- Confidence
- A/B Split Testing
- Cost/Flow algorithms
- Rotation, Mutation, Mutability
- Logarithmic Logistic Crossover
- Mutual Information Coefficient
- Learning Perceptron Weights
- Perceptron Graph Serialization
- Vertex Messaging
- Event Queues
Optimization: A/B Testing¶
This document modification yielded this increase/decrease.
TODO: Content Branch Crossover
Optimization: Receiver Operating Characteristics¶
- Learning Process Knowledge
- Identifying Productive Personal Behaviors
- Identifying Productive Organizational Behaviors
Note
similar to optimizing for conversions
TODO: ROC quadrants
TODO: ROC Curve
Optimization: Streamgraph Conversion Funnel¶
TODO:chart
STEM Specialization
General Education Undergrad Grad Doctorate
stacked/stream graph
Searching and Indexing¶
- Index
- Cluster
- Archive
- Share
- Normalizing
- Eventual Consistency
- Document Checksums
- Computed Attribute Indexing
which part do I copy to the search service?
Finding and Disambiguating Concept & Instance Identifiers¶
How do our fields link together? What do they call a _____ ?
Concept: Bookmark
Instance: bookmarks/{id}:
{ 'ID': ID, 'isA': Bookmark, 'url':URL, 'title': TITLE }
User Instance: bookmarks/{username}/{id}
Note
Nodes and edges with activities whereupon potentiation potentiates with behaviors determined by namespaced attributes
Collaboratively linked ontologies for augmenting sequence authors
Cognitive Ontological Knowledge Graph
Linked Open Data: Wikipedia and DBPedia¶
Value
Shared, Multi-Lingual Concept Identifiers
- Translate Terminological References
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia
- http://jp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia
TODO: SPARQL SELECT query
Note
Wikipedia is written in MediaWiki syntax
STEM Labs¶
STEM Labs: Laboratory Based Learning¶
- Learning process knowledge
- Team Collaboration
- Experimental Design
- Null Hypothesis testing
- Drawing conclusions about correlation and causation
STEM Labs: Data Science Laboratory¶
Skills
- Data Science
- Sequence Modeling
- Software Development
- Process Modeling
- Process Controls
“Development Lab” of virtual services and resources, per-course and/or per-student.
- Objectives
- Processes
- Tools
- Data
Processes
Theory Procedures Tools Knowledge
Books Repeatability Spreadsheet Wisdom
Libraries Notebook Metaheuristics
TODO
STEM Labs: Services¶
- Q&A
- Apps Accounts
- Web Hosting
- Repository Hosting
- Project Hosting
- GitLib
- Fossil
- Trac
- Cloud Service
STEM Labs: Student API¶
- Name
- Courses
- Skills
- Activity Metrics
- Tasks / Activities / Implemented Services
- Completions / Activity Logs
- Badges
- Implemented Services
- Grid Resources
- Capabilities Access Controls
- Virtual Server URLs
- Resources
STEM Labs: Student Assignment API¶
What is a continuous learning ensemble?
Activity Objectives:
- Complete an ipython notebook worksheet
- Run functional tests
- Store changes in a repository
- Integrate the worksheet with an API interface for grading
- Create a POST HTTP Request to an API.
- API returns HTTP Response with evaluation
“Make yours like mine.”
Code Repository Code Repository
Local Workspace Activity Tests
Books
Lectures
API <---------> Build Server
Student Course
Testing Components of a Learning Ensemble
Note
Increasing test coverage.
Repository Event Hooks
def on_commit(repository):
# check syntax
# strip answers
URL Schema:
http://hostname.edu/{coursename}/{courseunit}/{taskname}#{task_link}
Grading Criteria:
- Does it match tolerances?
- Is it repeatable?
STEM Labs: Setup Python Application Framework¶
Objective: Continuously test submitted problem/test solutions with a controlled build server that requests answers from a student-implemented API.
- Application Framework Scaffold/Skeleton
- With a build script
- And documented extension points
Relevant Courses:
- Software Development
- Web Development
- Agile Project Mangement
STEM Labs: Python Tools¶
Tools for Developing STEM Python Applications
- ipython notebook
- visual charting
- repeatable processes
- procedural spreadsheets
- testable spreadsheets
- Science Libraries
- scipy
- numpy
- pandas
- scikits
- statsmodels
- Version Control
- Mercurial
- Bazaar
- Issue Tracking
- Trac
- Python(X,Y)
TODO:cite
STEM Labs: Cloud Services¶
Primary Services
- Deploy Applications
- Perform Load Balancing
- Allocate Identity Service Credentials
- Allocate Grid/Cloud/Stack Resources
- Alloccate IP Adresses
- Allocate Service API Keys
- Allocate Grid Credentials
Configuration Management
- Bootstrap Server
- Freeze/Save/Snapshot Server
- Generate new home directories
STEM Labs: Open Learning Stacks¶
- OpenCourseWare
- Open Stack
- Open Source
- Open Access
- Linked Open Data
Identifying Tools Gaps as Opportunities¶
# TODO -> Feature Requests
Communicating Feature Requests¶
Sample Templated Use Case:
As a _________ <user>,
when I ______________,
it ________________,
but it/I ________ <would/should/could>
_________________,
which would save __________ <amount of time>.
Note
Eliciting Value Criteria Matrices
Achieving Feature Decision Consensus¶
- Feature Value Elicitation
- Solution Evaluation
- How important is this feature to you? 1-10
- How many _____ <noun> is this feature worth?
- How many ______ <noun-plural> do we have?
Learning Content Management Systems¶
Examples of Learning Content Management Systems
- Sakai
- Moodle
- Blackboard
Someone has a LMS/LRS Feature Matrix
Rubrics and Feature Matrices¶
Grading Rubric :: Feature Matrix
Document Publishing Feature Comparison Matrix¶
A feature matrix for comparing components of a document publshing system
Feature Choice-0 Choice-1 Choice-n
Category1.
.Feature A
Interfaces
.HTTP
.HTML
.Javascript
.JSON
.XML
.CSV
Hosting
.Standard Web Hosting
.Local Application
.Hosted Application
Code
.Open Source
.Proprietary
Support
.Agreement
.Yearly
.Monthly
Gap: Freemind to ReStructuredText¶
Objective: Transform between a ReStructuredText document set and a Freemind mind map
Value: Generate document outlines from mindmaps
MindMap to Paper
If I am creating a linearly sequenced book, I am essentially creating a
depth first search/walk of an ordered graph of document sections with
hopefully compile-time checking for links and references
hyperlinked within and between documents with markup.
Gap: sphinxcontrib-courses¶
- Language to describe questions, answers, and sources
- Roles and directives for referencing Q&A with learning object resources
- Check and cite links to learning resources
- Metadata attributes with URIs
Docutils
- Roles
- Directives
- Publishers
Language to describe the course curricula
- Processes
- Content
- Questions
- Answers
Q&A Authoring¶
Syntax for expressing Questions and Answers in ReStructuredText
Re-sequencable tests for comprehension:
1,2,3,4 ; 4,3,2,1 ; 2,1,3,4
Similar to web commenting services, but with questions and various categories of answers
-
Objective: Embed tests for reading & skills comprehension intro a content authoring markup.
Link Q&A activities to a TinCan LRS and an LMS with a Learning Dashboard for identifying opportunities to improve.
Allow for question/label randomization and optmization
- If 85% answer correctly with sequence 0 and wording 1
- If 95% answer correctly with sequence 1 and wording 0
Note
Audience testing
“But they are sharing the answers!”
Branch Commit Preprocessing Hooks
TODO:cite
Gap: Per-Course Sidewiki¶
- Per-course sidewiki
- with scholarly overlays
- and an answers tab, for teachers
Process: Citations¶
Tools: Managing Bibliographic Sources¶
How best should I reference source materials?
- How should I link to a table?
- Can we archive these links at compile time?
- Would we draw the same conclusions?
- Repeatability
- DOI, ISBN, URL
Publishing Research Metadata¶
So, I have now prepared roughly 100 slides with pen and paper, and now need to lookup which references I browsed, bookmarked, and slept on.
- Tagged Bookmarks (Per Browser)
- Zotero References
- Archived Resources
- ISBN, DOI
- URLs
- Mendeley References
- Course Syllabi
- Course Readings
- Research Journal Databases
- OpenCyc Concept Identifiers
- Wiki Resource Identifiers
- Video URLs
- Media Repositories
That I would like to reference, and draw from
- As footnotes
- As links in blogs & wikis
- As project and career relevant knowledge
- As stable, permalink URLs
Which textual citation serialization?
- Zotero Styles
[TODO:cite]
Tools: Managing Bibliographic Sources¶
Artifacts -> Repository
Metadata -> Citation Knowledge Graph
Groups -> Citation Knowledge Graph
Bookmarks
Bookmarklet
API
Storing Media
Logical Filesystem Naming
Interfaces: HTTP GET/PUT/POST, WebDAV, API, JSON, XML
RDFa
[TODO:cite]
Gap: Managing Structured Citations¶
Preprocessing and Serializing Structured Data in ReStructuredText
Data:
- Journals extract and compile bibliography citations in various formats.
- Academia demands citation tracking
Use Cases
- Sort, name, and link to structured citations
- Reference and link to a collection of bibliographic references within ReStructuredText documentation.
- Extract structured data from abstract and fulltext HTML pages in various databases aggregate and feed journals
- Store research snapshots and research logs
- Store local cache of bibliographical references and citations that can be synchronized, read from, and shared with groups.
- Create a footnote with links to more information
- Create a Zotero Object in a Zotero Repository
- Drag and drop a ReStructuredText Citation selection from Zotero into a text editor, as a bibliography list
- Link to a global citation identifier in ReStructuredText inline and within footnotes and citations
- Link to DOI, ISBN, and WorldCat
- Sort and format bibliograpy entries for a given citation format
- Archive bibliographical reference repository snapshots in a
- Curriculum Vitae
- Paper
- Blog
- Wiki
- Phone
- Tablet
Standards
- Microdata
- Permalink
- RDFa
Zotero¶
- http://github.com/zotero
- transactions
- translation server
- pyzotero collection API
TODO:cite
Note
Zotero will export a resource collection to BibTeX
ReStructuredText Citations¶
Managing structured citation references
- ReStructuredText Syntax
- Citation
- Reference
- Footnote
- sphinxcontrib-bibtex
- Reference BibTeX citations in Sphinx-flavored ReStructuredText
- TODO: .. pypi: sphinxcontrib-bibtex
Convenient globally non-unique hashed identifiers.
Maintaining Bibliographic citations with BibTeX
Managing citations as structured data with a plain text lightweight markup format.
Interface
.. reference a citation from sphinx
.. bib_identifier = {user}/{collection}/{docid}
.. {group}/{collection}/{docid}
:bibref:`bibliographical reference <bib_identifier>`
.. format(get_metadata(id) for id in bib_identifiers)
.. bibligraphy::
:format: <Citation Format>
:sources:
[ Reference Collection URLS ]
:namespaces:
[ Reference Collection Namespaces ]
Note
:pypi:`sphinxcontrib-bibtex` solves for part of these requirements
Note
Footnote naming simplifies reference lookup.
[TODO:cite]
Gap: Sphinx Widont¶
Jinja2 Typography extensions
Gap: TinCan Server Python Reference Implementation¶
Objective: Record structured data from event-based Web Hooks
Python API Tools
Javascript Activity Metrics
- TODO
TODO:code
Gap: Security: Student API Access Control¶
How do I share this API with a limited set of people?
Access Control
- Reverse Proxy
- API Token
- OAUTH
Gap: ReStructuredText Outlines and S5 Presentations¶
Chunking for Presentation and Delivery
Point outlines which map into slides of a document in serial order containing references to sources of information regarding the contextual subject being discussed.
Slides have a next and previous and can follow a question & answer format
Note
presentation timing with sliding windows
Gap: Sphinx Glossary Thesarus¶
Linking words together.
License¶
| Date: | 2012 |
|---|
This report was prepared for English 3980 Technical Writing at the University of Nebraska Omaha, Fall 2012. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views, positions, or policies of the University of Nebraska. No official endorsement by the University of Nebraska is intended or should be inferred.
This report is a non-profit scholastic work. Third-party content included, cited, and referenced in this report is considered to be fair-use in regards to 17 U.S.C. § 10 and the Copyright Act of 1976.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
Permission to reprint, share, and remix this report is not necessary. The suggested citation is:
Turner, Wesley. *Self-directed Learning with Online Resources*,
Omaha, NE, USA. 2012.
BibTex:
@techreport{this,
author = "Wesley {Turner}",
title = "Self-Directed Learning with Online Resources",
institution = "WRD",
year = 2012,
address = "Omaha, NE, USA",
}
Glossary¶
Glossary¶
Sequence Development¶
- sequencing
developing paths of edges between node resources.
Often augmented with authoring tools
- naming
- assigning unique identifiers to concepts, objects, and categories
- namespacing
TODO
# Dots: path.to.resource # Slashes: path/to/resource # Hahes: #url_fragment``
- tagging
adding attribute edges between resources and tag strings, which can be namespaced URLs. Tags can denote categories
Example in JSON
{ "url": "http://example.com/ns/products/XYZ_123", "title": "XYZ_123", "tags": ["Widgets", "XYZ_Widgets"] }
Often augmented with annotation tools
- linking
Adding edges between nodes of resources
Often augmented with authoring tools
software development
Bundling required resources and components
- optimizing
- finding optima for making decisions that better achieve objectives
- publishing
- sharing document and Linked Data resources in order to benefit from collaborative feedback
- interfacing
- requesting and sharing resources
Graphs¶
- Graph
- A network of vertices and edges. May have a name
- Category
- TODO
- Schema
A set of categories and attributes
Examples:
- XSD
- RDF
- Markup Languages
- Vertex
- A node in a graph
- Edge
- A connection between vertices. Also called a link.
- Path
- A sequence of edges between vertices of a graph
- Feedback
- TODO
Web Standards¶
- Resource
TODO. An object with content, a URL, and metadata
Examples:
- WWW
- World Wide Web. Graph of HTML Document and Resource Vertices with URL Edges shared over HTTP
- Web
- See: WWW
- W3C
- World Wide Web Consortium. The main international standards organization for the WWW.
- Web Standard
- TODO. Standard defined by a standards-making body such as W3C
- SGML
- Standard Generalized Markup Language
- Portable Document Format
- URL
- Uniform Resource Locator
- URI
- Uniform Resource Indicator
- HTTP
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Standard request /response protocol for the web.
- HTTP Request
HTTP Request with a type, headers, and a body
Types:
- GET
- POST
- PUT
- DELETE
Example:
GET /ns/products/XYZ_123 HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: browsername Host: example.org Accept: application/json
- HTTP Response
HTTP Response with a response code, headers, and a body
Example Response Codes:
- 200: OK
- 404: Not Found
- 500: Server Error
Example Response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: servername Content-Type: application/json Content-Length: 172 Connection: keep-alive {"title":"Document Title", "author": ... }TODO:cite
- HTML
Hyptertext Markup Language.
Derived from SGML
Often served over HTTP
Example
TODO: doctype <html> <head> <title>Document Title</title> <meta author="Document Author"/> </head> <body> <h1>Document Title</h1> <p>... Document Content ...</p> </body> </html>
- XML
Extensible Markup Language. Derived from SGML and HTML
Example
TODO: XMLNS <object> <dc:title>Document Title</dc:title> <dc:author>Document Author>/dc:author> <content>... Document Content ...</content> <year>2012</year> </object>
- XHTML
- XML-compliant HTTP
- Namespace
A URL for a set of resources within a schema.
Examples in Turtle syntax
@prefix rdfs: http://TODO/TODO/TODO @prefix ex: http://example.org/ns/example/ @prefix products: http://example.com/ns/products/
Examples in XHTML syntax:
TODO- JSON
JavaScript Object Notation.
Example
[ { 'dc:title': 'Document Title', 'dc:author': 'Document Author', 'content': '... Document Content ...', 'year': 2012}, {'dc:title':'Document N','content':'Hello World', 'year':2012} ]
- Web Hooks
- HTTP Push Notifications
Linked Data Science¶
- Data Science
- TODO
- Metadata
Data about data: attributes and edges
Examples:
- dc:title – Dublin Core Title Attribute
- dc:author – Dublin Core Author Attribute
- last_modified
- Key
A hashable identifier for a record value.
Example:
key = http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123
- Value
A value stored with a key
Example
database = { 'http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123': # KEY { 'type':'ex:Widget', # VALUE 'rdfs:label': "Product XYZ_123" 'ex:linksWith': [ ex:XYZ_Widgets ], }, } database.get('http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123') database['http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123']
- Entity Attribute Value
A flexible data storage pattern.
- Triple
Data-model of RDF
- Subject
- URL Subject of a triple. Also: Key and Entity
- Predicate
- URL predicate of a triple. Also: Key
- Object
- Object or value of a triple.
- Attribute
A factual assertion about a Resource.
A predicate and an object about a subject
Example with Triples in Turtle syntax:
@prefix rdfs: http://TODO/TODO/TODO @prefix ex: http://example.org/ns/example/ @prefix products: http://example.com/ns/products/ products:XYZ_123 a ex:Widget ; ex:linksWith ex:XYZ_Widgets ; rdfs:label "Product XYZ_123" ; .
- Ontology
- A structured set of Attributes and edges between concepts in a named graph
- RDF
- Resource Description Framework. W3C triples metadata data-model. Often expressed as XML
- Turtle
- Lightweight syntax for expressing RDF triples (.ttl, .n3 )
- TriG
- Syntax extension for expressing named graphs in turtle
- Microdata
- TODO. Markup syntax for expressing structured data.
- FOAF
- Friend of a Friend RDF ontology
- DOAP
- Description of a Project RDF ontology
- OEMBED
- Authoring feature for automatically identifying and linking to resource URLs on sites that support microdata metadata
- Linked Data
- Data resources linked through the WWW using structured attributes of various ontologies
- Linked Open Data
Linked Data shared as Data sets with Open License terms
Examples:
TODO:Cite LODCloud
Education¶
- STEM
- Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
- Curriculum
- A course or courses of study required for meeting objectives
- Theory
- TODO
- Process
- TODO
- Knowledge
- TODO
- Wisdom
- TODO
Learning¶
- Online Learning
- Learning delivered over web channels
- Learning Object
“Any entity, digital or non-digital, that may be used for learning, education, or training” –IEEE 1484.12-1-2002
A learning resource.
- Learning Activity
- TODO
- Learning Assessment
- Documenting educational progress
- LMS
Learning Management System. An application for creating and delivering courses and training. “Limbs”
Examples:
- LCMS
- Learning Content Management System. Authoring and publishing workflows to support content for a Learning Management System
- ADL
- Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative
- SCORM
- Sharable Content Object Reference Model. Based on XML
- CLCIMS
- Computer Learning Content Information Management System: SCORM-compliant.
- TinCan
TinCAN API
“Next Generation SCORM“
Web Hooks for learning activity metrics
- LRS
Learning Record Store. A repository for TinCan learning activity records.
- OpenCourseWare
- TODO
- MOOC
Massive Open Online Course. Large scale distance learning course offered at scale through the WWW
Examples:
- Coursera
- EdX
- Scalability
- TODO
Tools¶
- Browser
An application for retrieving, presenting and traversing web resources like HTML Documents over HTTP.
Responsible for processing JavaScript.
- Web Server
Software for handling HTTP requests over the web
Often placed in front of a Web Application Server
- Web Application Server
Software service for hosting web applications that serve resources over HTTP APIs as content types like text/html, application/json, text/xml. TODO
Interface Standards:
- WSGI
- OSGI
- Service
Business Service
TODO
Information Systems
A locally or remotely hosted application for solving part of a process.
API
An API web service.
- API
TODO Programming Interface.
An application that responds to a standard set of requests and returns a standard set of responses
Elements:
- Authentication Keys
- Authorization
- Error Codes
- Resource Schema
- Web Service Definitions
- Repository
- A version-controlled folder of file resources
- Version Control System
System for storing changesets to a Repository Also Revision Control System (RCS)
Examples:
- DVCS
Distributed Version Control System.
Advantages:
- Branching
- Tagging
- Offline
Examples:
- Git
-
- TODO http://github.com/mirror/kernel
- TODO http://
- Mercurial
Version Control System written in Python
- Version Control Service
Hosted Version Control System for storing Repositories
Examples:
- Scripting Language
Third generation programming language.
Examples:
- JavaScript (.js)
- Python (.py)
- Ruby (.rb)
- Perl (.pl)
- JavaScript
- A scripting language which can be interpreted client-side in a Browser locally as a script or server-side in a Web Application Server. (.js)
- Python
- A scripting language which is compiled and/or interpreted locally as a script or server-side in an Web Application Server
Research Tools¶
Authoring Tools¶
Examples:
- Document
TODO. A resource vertex in a resource graph containing textual content often stored in a structured markup language.
Examples:
- Markup Language
Textual Markup Language for expressing documents with content and presentation.
Examples:
- Text Editor
Examples:
- vim
- emacs
- gedit
- notepad
- notepad++
- ReStructuredText
A lightweight Markup Language. Also: ReST and RST. (.rst)
Example:
.. header:: Document Header .. meta:: :description lang=en: Document Description :author: Document Author .. contents:: Table of Contents :depth: 1 Intro ====== .. note: This is a `note directive <note_directive>`_ .. _note_directive: http://docutils.sf.net/ Background ----------- .. Document Content ... Glossary ========= .. glossary:: ReStructuredText A lightweight :term:`Markup Language`
- LaTeX
Plaintext typesetting Markup Language
Example:
TODO- BibTeX
Language and system for managing Bibliographic References in LaTeX syntax
@techreport{this, author = "Wesley {Turner}", title = "Self-Directed Learning with Online Resources", institution = "WRD", year = 2012, address = "Omaha, NE, USA", }
- Portable Document Format
- rst2pdf
ReStructuredText PDF publisher.
Output formats:
- Sphinx
RestructuredText documentation publisher.
Output Formats:
Examples:
TODO:cite
Review Tools¶
UI/UX Design¶
- Interface
- TODO
- UI
- User Interface
- UX
- User Experience
Cloud¶
- Cloud
- TODO
- Grid
- TODO
- Stack
- TODO
- Distributed Computing
- TODO
Collaboration Engineering¶
- Collaboration
- working together to create, share, and improve resources
- Collaboration Engineering
- TODO
- Six Patterns of Collaboration
- Generate: Fewer to more concepts
- Reduce: Many concepts -> focus
- Clarify: Less -> More Shared Understanding
- Organize:
- Evaluate: Less -> More Value Understanding
- Build Consensus: Less -> More Willingness to Commit
TODO:Cite
- Generate
Fewer to more concepts.
- Reduce
Many concepts -> focus
- Clarify
Less -> More Shared Understanding
- Organize
TODO
- Evaluate
Less -> More Value Understanding
- Build Consensus
Less -> More Willingness to Commit
- Seven Layer Model
- Goal
- TODO
- Product
- TODO
- Activity
- TODO See Learning Activity
- Pattern
- TODO
- Technique
- TODO
- Tool
- TODO
- Script
- TODO
- Comparison Scheme for Collaborative Technology
- Core Functionality
- TODO
- Access Controls
- TODO
- Alerts/Interrupts
- TODO
- Content
- TODO
- Actions
TODO
See also: activities
- Synchronicity
- TODO
- Identifiability
- TODO
- Relationships
- TODO
- Persistence
- TODO
- Creative Process
- Problem Identification
- TODO
- Information Search
- TODO
- Idea/Solution Generation
- TODO
- Idea/Solution Evaluation and Selection
- TODO
- Implementation Planning
- TODO
- Goal Attainment Paradigm
- Understand Problem
- Develop alternate solutions
- Evaluate solutions
- Make choices
- Make plans
- Take action
- Review
- Six Sigma
- TODO
- DMAIC
Six Sigma process
- Define
- Measure
- Analyze
- Implement
- Control
- Define
- TODO
- Measure
- TODO
- Analyze
- TODO
- Implement
- TODO
- Control
- TODO
- Feature Matrix
TODO
Feature: Label Description Value Choice: Label Description {Version} Choice-Feature: Feature Choice -- Score Reason Reference URIs Cost Cost URIs Display Algorithm: for f in sorted(features): print(feature) for c in sorted(choices): print(choice_features((feature,choice)))Note
Categorically enumerated heat map/contour plot with combinatorially optimized feature islands
Note
max-flow algorithms
TODO:cite
License¶
| Date: | 2012 |
|---|
This report was prepared for English 3980 Technical Writing at the University of Nebraska Omaha, Fall 2012. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views, positions, or policies of the University of Nebraska. No official endorsement by the University of Nebraska is intended or should be inferred.
This report is a non-profit scholastic work. Third-party content included, cited, and referenced in this report is considered to be fair-use in regards to 17 U.S.C. § 10 and the Copyright Act of 1976.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
Permission to reprint, share, and remix this report is not necessary. The suggested citation is:
Turner, Wesley. *Self-directed Learning with Online Resources*,
Omaha, NE, USA. 2012.
BibTex:
@techreport{this,
author = "Wesley {Turner}",
title = "Self-Directed Learning with Online Resources",
institution = "WRD",
year = 2012,
address = "Omaha, NE, USA",
}
Social Media¶